Portugal

Most EU countries do not levy a net wealth tax, which makes them attractive to high-net-worth investors. Obtaining residency by investment in one of these countries can improve tax efficiency while also providing a legally secure second residence. This guide explains what a net wealth tax is and how it differs from other asset-based taxes, compares the main EU jurisdictions, examines the key countries for investors, outlines US and UK cross-border issues, and describes the relocation process.

Albert Ioffe

Portugal introduced a dedicated residence visa for digital nomads in 2022, and it quickly became one of the most widely recognised options for remote workers. By September 2025, Portugal had received 9,322 applications, with 7,664 approvals recorded\[1\]. Remote work, a monthly income of at least €3,680, and a wish to establish legal residence in an ocean-side EU country are the key starting points for a Portugal Digital Nomad Visa application. Learn in this guide how the visa works, who qualifies, what documents to prepare, and what to expect after arrival in Portugal.

Pedro Barata

Almost 50,000 British nationals live in Portugal, placing the UK among the country’s top 10 foreign resident nationalities\[1\]. Portugal remains a popular choice for UK citizens thanks to its coastal lifestyle and reliable sunshine — often a welcome change compared with the UK, even in warmer counties such as Cornwall or Kent. Whether a UK national has substantial capital, works remotely, holds a highly qualified job offer, or relies on stable passive income, Portugal offers residence routes that align with each situation.

Eymi Castro

The Golden Visa, or the Italian Investor Visa, allows non-EU citizens to obtain a residence permit by contributing €250,000 or more to the country's economy. The Italy Investor Visa programme is suitable for people wishing to live in Italy or travel without visas in Europe.  The residence permit card is valid for two years and can be renewed for another three years. After five years of residence status, Golden Visa investors can apply for permanent residence in Italy. After another five years, they become eligible for Italian citizenship.

Anna Semenyuk

Foreigners looking to obtain citizenship in Malta have several routes to choose from. Malta citizenship by naturalisation is the most popular and time-based pathway requiring 5 years of residence, stable ties, and proven integration in Malta. The alternative route is citizenship by merit. It relies on exceptional contributions linked to Malta and a discretionary assessment, not a fixed timeline. Since 2025, Malta no longer offers citizenship for exceptional services by direct investment.

Anna Semenyuk

Moving to Portugal under the Global Talent Programme opens the door to residence and long-term planning in the EU, but it also raises important tax questions.  A residence permit does not automatically mean tax residency, yet once the thresholds are crossed, Portugal may start taxing worldwide income.  Understanding when tax obligations begin, how different types of income are treated, and where the main risks lie helps avoid costly surprises.

Albert Ioffe

Portugal taxes residents on a progressive income tax scale, while businesses may access preferential regimes that can reduce corporate tax to as low as 5%. Portugal does not impose a general inheritance tax, a separate gift tax, or a broad net wealth tax. This guide explains the key tax rules in Portugal, including personal and corporate taxation, special regimes, and cross-border protections.

Albert Ioffe

As of March 2026, Portuguese passport holders can enter 172 countries visa-free, with all the EU states, the UK and Japan on the list. That is one of the reasons why investors from all over the world consider obtaining a passport of Portugal. Learn more about visa-free destinations and paths to becoming a Portuguese passport holder.

Eymi Castro

The Portugal Golden Visa is obtained by investing at least €250,000, allowing holders to travel within the Schengen Area visa-free, move to Portugal, and claim EU citizenship. This guide discloses the Portugal Golden Visa’s cost, benefits, investment options, and application process.

Eymi Castro

Golden Visas are often presented as investment vehicles, but for families, they function as long-term lifestyle frameworks. The programme chosen shapes children’s education, healthcare access, work and business rights, travel flexibility, and the route to future citizenship. This guide compares the most family-oriented options and highlights where each country stands out.

Mohamed Zakaria

To obtain a second passport, an individual can get married, confirm a familial relation to a citizen of the country, or undergo the naturalisation process. An alternative option is to acquire citizenship by investment. Two countries, Vanuatu and São Tomé and Príncipe, offer the fastest citizenship-by-investment program, with passports issued in just 2 months. The simplest programs are found in the Caribbean, featuring short processing times and no requirement for physical residency.

Albert Ioffe

If you have a stable passive income, sufficient savings, and are ready to rent or buy property in the EU, you may qualify for a financially independent person visa. This type of a residence permit is designed for living, not working. Since the income must come from abroad, it cannot be used to build a local career. In this guide, we’ll explore who qualifies for financially independent residency, how to apply, and how to choose the most suitable country for long-term relocation.

Albert Ioffe

Financially independent non-EU citizens looking to live in Europe have a compelling option in the Portugal D7 Visa — also known as the Passive Income Visa. This visa allows individuals with a stable income from abroad to apply for legal residency in Portugal, starting with a visa and leading to a residence permit. To qualify, applicants must show an annual income of at least €11,040, along with proof of accommodation and other supporting documents. Is this the right path for you? In this article, you'll learn how the D7 Visa works, what it takes to qualify, and why it’s become a popular choice for high-net-worth individuals and retirees.

Pedro Barata

Portugal has quietly become one of the world’s favourite places to settle. In the Expat Insider Survey 2025, it ranks 9th globally among most popular countries of residence for foreigners\[1\]. The real challenge is not whether to choose Portugal, but how to become a resident. The Globat Talent Programme for highly qualified professionals is entering the scene with a 100% approval rate. How does it differ from the D3 Visa and EU Blue Card for professionals? And when is it smarter to choose the D7 route for freelancers or the D8 for remote workers? This guide breaks down the differences so each goal can be matched to the right status.

Pedro Barata

Higher education and years of experience can open the door to a new professional setting and even long-term settlement in Portugal. The Global Talent Programme offers both career mobility and long-term residence in the EU. Learn all the nuances and benefits of residency for highly-qualified workers.

Pedro Barata

Portugal offers a residency by investment known as the Golden Visa, but it does not automatically grant citizenship. However, after holding residency for 5 years, individuals may become eligible to apply for Portuguese citizenship by naturalisation. Portuguese citizens enjoy a wide range of benefits, such as visa-free access to over 170 countries, a high quality of life at relatively low prices, a warm climate, comfortable conditions for expats, and a high safety level.

Eymi Castro

At a time when mobility, tax exposure, and long-term security are increasingly uncertain, European Golden Visa programs offer a lawful way to secure residence abroad through investment, without giving up US citizenship. Countries such as Portugal, Greece, and Italy offer residency-by-investment pathways starting at €250,000. With a residence permit, you get legal stability, access to healthcare and education systems, and, in some cases, a route to permanent residence or citizenship.  This article explains how Golden Visas work for Americans, which EU programs remain open, what investment routes are available, and which legal and financial factors should be carefully assessed before applying.

Mohamed Zakaria

In 2024, the number of Americans living in Portugal increased by 36%, reaching over 19,000\[1\]. For those applying for the Portugal Golden Visa or other residency visas, a Roth IRA can be a powerful funding tool. If the account holder qualifies, withdrawals are tax-free in the US and not taxed in Portugal either. This unique advantage makes the Roth IRA especially appealing for financing a move.

Albert Ioffe

Roughly 9 million Americans live outside the US\[1\], and many plan to stay abroad long term in retirement. For those looking at Golden Visas, citizenship by investment, or passive income visas, a 403(b) retirement plan can be more than just a pension pot. Properly timed withdrawals can help fund qualifying investments and prove stable income, turning workplace savings into a practical tool for securing residence or a second citizenship.

Albert Ioffe

A 401(k) is often the biggest nest egg a US worker ever builds and for many, it becomes the backbone of life after work. When the plan includes relocating to the EU with a Golden Visa or a retirement residence permit, that same 401(k) may need to do more: cover daily expenses and meet complex visa and tax rules abroad.

Albert Ioffe

Portugal offers one of the most flexible tax systems in Europe, where the real burden depends on headline rates, residency status, available deductions, and access to international tax treaties.  With the IFICI regime offering a 20% flat tax for certain professionals and Madeira’s corporate rate set at just 5%, smart planning can make a big difference. In practice, many end up paying less than the standard tax brackets would suggest. For those applying for Portugal’s Golden Visa, D7 visa, or Digital Nomad visa, it’s important to know how income is taxed and how to avoid being taxed twice.

Albert Ioffe

Wealthy individuals can get a Portugal Golden Visa if they purchase units of investment funds worth a minimum of €500,000. The holding period is at least 5 years.  The Portugal Golden Visa is a residence permit granted in exchange for contributing to the country's economy. It allows the applicant's entire family to live and work in the EU and, after 5 years, to apply for citizenship.   But how does investing in funds under the Golden Visa program actually work? What are the key benefits, and how can you choose the right fund? Let’s explore everything you need to know to make an informed decision.

Eymi Castro

When considering obtaining residency through investment in funds, Hungary and Portugal stand out as two of the most popular destinations.  Hungary offers a more affordable entry point with a €250,000 investment, while Portugal requires at least €500,000. However, the decision goes beyond just the cost — each country presents unique terms, benefits, and risks.  This article compares the investment options in both countries, analysing the terms and conditions, costs, yields, and potential risks to help you determine the best choice for securing your residency.

Albert Ioffe

To become a citizen of an EU country, one can follow three paths: descent, naturalisation, and naturalisation after making an investment. Obtaining an EU country's citizenship can take 3 to 10 years, depending on the specific state and circumstances, as well as on the applicant's situation. 

Albert Ioffe

Malta combines low employer on-top costs, generous tax refunds, and EU-leading GDP growth, which already makes it a smart base for doing business. Although only 2.4% of companies are foreign-controlled, they generate 43.8% of total value added — a clear sign that international firms tend to scale well in Malta\[1\]. One of the practical ways for entrepreneurs to move their business to Malta is through the Malta Permanent Residence Programme. It offers lifelong status, no minimum stay requirement, Schengen access, and a strategic EU location for reaching both European and Mediterranean markets.

Robert Outerbridge

Around 90,000 people currently hold temporary residency in Latvia, most of whom have obtained their permits by employment, study, or family reunification. Wealthy individuals often choose the Golden Visa, which requires a minimum investment of €50,000. Latvia appeals to foreigners with its lower cost of living compared to much of Western and Northern Europe, high quality of life, modern healthcare system, and one of the EU’s most business-friendly tax regimes.

Albert Ioffe

In 2024, EU countries issued 3.5 million first residence permits to non-EU nationals — a clear signal of Europe’s global pull. For Saudi citizens, the EU’s Golden Visa programs offer a unique entry point. A qualifying investment secures residence, visa-free Schengen access, and the long-term prospect of EU citizenship. Explore which EU countries offer these visas — and how they differ in cost, benefits, and family coverage.

Mohamed Zakaria

Approximately 10,000 Americans now reside in Portugal, and this number continues to rise. Key reasons for moving to Portugal include the country's relatively low cost of living, mild climate, low crime rate, and favorable visa options. The Portugal Golden Visa is particularly appealing to wealthy US citizens seeking European residency. It offers an opportunity to diversify investments and enjoy a new lifestyle in a safe and stable country. In this article, you’ll learn how to qualify for the Golden Visa and explore the benefits it provides to US citizens.

Eymi Castro

A temporary residence permit grants the right to live abroad for a set number of years. It is often tied to employment, university enrolment, family reunification, or investment. Over time, one may become eligible for a permanent residence permit. This status allows indefinite stay and typically comes with fewer restrictions. This article explains the key differences between temporary and permanent residence permits, covering how they work, who qualifies, and why they matter for those looking to settle abroad.

Vladlena Baranova

Most often citizenship of the European Union, EU, is obtained by naturalisation. You need to obtain a resident status and live in the country for several years. In some EU countries, there are investment residence permit programs that simplify the path to citizenship. In Malta, cosmopolitans can obtain citizenship for exceptional services by direct investment after 1 or 3 years of residence.

Albert Ioffe

Around 27.5 million foreigners live in EU countries with residence permits, according to Eurostat. For non-EU citizens, European residency enables them to live and work legally within the EU, travel visa-free across the Schengen Area, and have access to medical treatments and education. Countries like Italy, Portugal, and others offer residency by investment to non-EU wealthy foreigners, providing them with certain benefits in their host country.

Albert Ioffe

Newborn children acquire citizenship either by "right of blood" or "right of soil". In the first case, it is based on the citizenship of the parents, and in the second case, it depends on the country of birth. In some countries both these principles apply. We explain these concepts in detail.

Vladlena Baranova

Over the past decade, EU countries have collectively garnered approximately 25 billion euros in foreign direct investment through residency-by-investment programs. With an EU residence permit, investors are able to travel to the Schengen countries visa-free, establish a business, and, in some cases, receive tax benefits. Let’s discuss how investors can move abroad and the best places to do so.

Albert Ioffe

Buying a property in Portugal is a profitable investment and an opportunity to ensure a “safe haven” in a peaceful EU country.  The median price per square meter in Portugal is €2,733. However, a luxury villa on the coast is worth about €1,000,000 or even more. Learn what kind of property to buy in Portugal and whether such a purchase is a path to becoming a Portuguese resident.

Elena Ruda

Ireland's residency by investment programme allows non-EEA citizens to obtain residency in the state. Investors who receive a residence permit this way get the right to work, study and start a business in a country with the second-highest GDP per capita in the world. Learn if you’re eligible for the programme and find the best investment option for you.

Elena Ruda

49% of all countries allow dual citizenship: the US, Caribbean states, Türkiye, and many others. With dual citizenship, one can choose better living conditions, receive social benefits, and have more opportunities to travel. Careful planning is essential when obtaining dual citizenship; it's important to verify whether the home country permits it to avoid losing the original citizenship. Continue reading to learn which countries offer dual citizenship and what is the easiest way to obtain one more nationality.

Vladlena Baranova

Wealthy people from all over the world buy properties abroad for various reasons. For example, to save money or get a holiday home. However, owning property is not enough to visit the country anytime or live there for as long as you want. That’s when a residence permit or citizenship is a must. Discover the countries where investors can combine business with pleasure by both purchasing liquid properties and obtaining a second passport or a residence permit.

Elena Ruda

If an immigrant does not have enough money to stay in the country, they can ask for help from a sponsor. The sponsor guarantees the government that the immigrant will receive financial support during their stay. Sponsors can be family members, friends, companies, or anyone else. Sponsors have certain responsibilities. First and foremost, their financial situation must allow them to help the immigrant while still being able to provide for themselves.

Vladlena Baranova

The Portugal D7 Visa appeals to foreigners with its accessible requirements. A monthly income of at least €920 is enough to obtain the visa, followed by a residence permit. However, an important detail is often overlooked: only passive income qualifies, meaning salaries and freelance payments do not count. As an alternative, Portugal offers the Digital Nomad Visa, which does not require passive income. Instead, applicants qualify based on remote work earnings if they can demonstrate a monthly income of at least €3,680. In 2023, Digital Nomad Visas were issued to 2,460 foreigners.

Vladlena Baranova

Latvia introduced its Golden Visa program in 2010 to attract foreign investment and boost the national economy. Since its launch, the initiative has generated approximately €1.5 billion in revenue for the country and attracted over 20,000 applicants. Between 2013 and 2024, a total of 13,294 investors and their family members secured Latvian residence permits. Applicants can qualify by investing in Latvian companies, purchasing real estate, or buying shares or subordinated capital in local credit institutions. In the article, we outline the key requirements for obtaining a Latvian residence permit by investment and explain the steps to acquire Latvian citizenship.

Elena Ruda

Portuguese taxpayers are issued with a unique nine-digit number, Número de Identificação Fiscal (NIF). It is also referred to as Número de Contribuinte, the contribution number. NIF is often required even for simple everyday transactions. We explain why you need this individual tax identification number even if you are not planning to move to Portugal and pay taxes there.

Vladlena Baranova

It seems to only feel natural for Britons to seek variety. J.K. Rowling had completed the first three chapters of “Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone” while in Porto, Portugal, and Ian Fleming made James Bond’s ties with Switzerland obvious. It's estimated that around 5.5 million British citizens reside abroad. Britons move abroad to boost their quality of life, optimise taxes, and find a more affordable lifestyle. We’ve compiled a list of the best countries for Britons to move to.

Lyle Julien

An immigration agent is a consulting company that helps clients obtain residency, permanent residency, or second citizenship in another country. The field attracts many fraudsters and unreliable agents. To avoid losing money, protect one’s peace of mind, and successfully obtain a Portuguese residence permit, it is essential to choose lawyers carefully.  In this article, we explain the key criteria to look at before making a decision.

Célia Castilho

An Ireland residence permit can be obtained for an investment of €400,000. The Investor Visa allows the holder to work, do business, and study in the country, and after five years of residence, they can apply for citizenship. We discuss who is eligible to apply for an Irish residence permit by investment, how to participate in the investment program and the grounds on which an Irish passport can be granted.

Elena Ruda

Many countries allow foreigners to obtain residence permits; however, some ways are more challenging than others.With a residence permit, you can live in another country for the long haul typically anywhere from 1 to 5 years. You can qualify for one in several ways: by proving your financial stability, owning property, or making an investment. Investment is one of the easiest ways to become a resident of a certain state. Many European countries have special programs designed for wealthy people who would like to become residents. Learn more about the easiest countries for getting a residence permit.

Albert Ioffe

No vampires remain in Romania — only about 300 castles they used to live in. Mediaeval fortifications aside, Romania boasts an attractive passport that will be even stronger once the country joins the Schengen Area in April 2024. Impressive travel freedom, low cost of living, and acres of pristine nature — what’s not to like? Beware of scam agents, though; sadly, Romania is notorious in this regard. The fraudulent documents the scammers issue could land one into trouble, like getting banned from the EU for life. Here's everything you need to know about the legal ways to get Romanian citizenship.

Elena Ruda

The cost of higher education in Portugal is the most affordable in the European Union. At the same time, four Portuguese universities were included in the top 500 in the world in terms of education quality and in the top 300 in terms of employability, according to the QS World University Ranking.

Eymi Castro

Research companies publish rankings of the best cities to live in every year. In 2021, such a review was published by Resonance Consultancy. It includes 100 cities with a population of one million, in which it is pleasant to live and work.

Alevtina Kalmuk