Citizenship

Five Caribbean countries offer citizenship by investment programmes: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, and St Kitts and Nevis. To apply for citizenship, a foreigner makes a charitable donation, buys property, or invests in business in the chosen country. The minimum investment amount for one applicant starts at $200,000, depending on the programme. When applying with the family, the threshold increases. Find answers to questions that may arise when choosing a Caribbean country for citizenship in the interview with Zlata Erlach, an investment migration expert and the head of Austrian Office at Immigrant Invest.

Zlata Erlach

For British investors looking beyond the usual citizenship by investment destinations, Türkiye deserves a closer look. Its proximity to the UK, established infrastructure, and comfortable urban lifestyle make it a practical choice for a second home or future relocation. UK citizens can qualify for Turkish citizenship without moving abroad, by investing at least $400,000 in property or $500,000 through selected financial routes. This article explores what makes the programme appealing to British investors, how the investment options compare, and which tax, banking and legal considerations deserve attention before applying.

Aras Aydin

In Berlin, a new refrain is heard more often: “Then just go to St Kitts.” It refers to a luxury apartment priced at around $325,000. For that sum, a buyer does not only acquire a property in the sun, but can also qualify for the passport of the island state of St Kitts and Nevis. This guide examines why St Kitts and Nevis is gaining attention among Germans and outlines the key features of its citizenship by investment programme.

Avril Blanchette

Hungarian citizenship provides the right to work and reside in any EU country, access to high-quality healthcare and education, and the freedom to travel without visas to more than 170 countries worldwide. This makes the Hungarian passport one of the most desirable. Explore all the ways to obtain Hungarian citizenship, from investment programs to options like naturalisation, repatriation, marriage or family ties. Each path has its characteristics, requirements, and steps that must be completed to become a full citizen of the country.

Zlata Erlach

In 2023, children born to foreign mothers made up 22% of all newborns in Portugal. This is nearly 19,000 babies — the highest number in the country’s history. Foreigners choose Portugal for childbirth and living due to the high level of healthcare, climate, safety, and education in European schools and universities. Children of foreigners are eligible for Portugal citizenship under certain conditions. For example, if the parents obtained a residence permit by investment and lived in the country for a year.

Eymi Castro

Portugal offers residence by investment known as the Golden Visa, but it does not automatically grant citizenship. However, after holding residence for 10 years, individuals may become eligible to apply for Portuguese citizenship by naturalisation. Portuguese citizens enjoy a wide range of benefits, such as visa-free access to 180 countries, a high quality of life at relatively low prices, a warm climate, comfortable conditions for expats, and a high safety level.

Eymi Castro

The minimum requirement under the St Kitts and Nevis citizenship by investment programme is $250,000 for a non-refundable contribution and $325,000 for real estate purchase. Obtaining period is at least 4 months. St Kitts and Nevis passport cost depends on the chosen investment option and the number of family members included in the application. The total expenses for a single applicant, including investment and fees, start at $269,850.

Zlata Erlach

Dominica offers a strong passport with visa-free access to 159 countries, including the Schengen Area states, Australia, China, and Singapore. Additionally, Dominica citizenship allows investors to register companies in the country and optimise taxes. The Dominica citizenship by investment programme also features low entry investment, fast processing, and the possibility of returning the invested money.

Lyle Julien

St Lucia, St Kitts and Nevis citizens visit up to 140+ countries visa-free. Therefore, foreigners often obtain the countries' passports by investing in travelling freely. Investors make a non-refundable contribution to a state fund and buy properties or government bonds. After a few months, they get Caribbean passports and enter the Schengen Area and the UK visa-free. Also, investors claim visitor visas to the US.

Lyle Julien

St Kitts and Nevis citizenship allows increased global mobility and possibility to obtain a 10-year visa to the US. It also helps expand business opportunities and optimise taxes. High-net-worth individuals can become citizens of St Kitts and Nevis by investment, and the minimum investment starts at $250,000.

Lyle Julien

Türkiye continues to strengthen its position as an attractive destination for international investment. In 2025, foreign direct investment reached $13.1 billion, up 12.2% from the previous year. Türkiye also ranked 4th in Europe for new foreign investment projects in 2024{{source: Source: Invest in Türkiye — [Foreign Direct Investment in Türkiye](https://f.invest.gov.tr/en/whyturkey/pages/fdi-in-turkey.aspx)}}. Explore investment opportunities in Türkiye, including sectors with profit potential and options that offer foreign investors a route to a second passport.

Aras Aydin

There are officially 4.4 million stateless people worldwide{{source: Source: The UN Refugee Agency, UNHCR — [Global Trends report 2024](https://www.unhcr.org/global-trends-report-2024)}}. For a small group with sufficient resources, citizenship-by-investment and Golden Visa programs offer a potential way to secure a passport and full legal identity. São Tomé and Príncipe and Grenada are among the few CBI programs that accept stateless applicants, with minimum investments of $90,000 and $250,000. São Tomé and Príncipe takes 4+ months, while Grenada takes around 8 months but offers a stronger passport and extra benefits.

Vladlena Baranova

Italy recognises multiple citizenship, so an Italian citizen does not usually lose Italian nationality only because they hold another citizenship. The route to Italian citizenship depends on the applicant's basis for applying. Naturalisation, marriage, descent, and service to the Italian state follow different rules. Citizenship by descent is now narrower than many older guides suggest. After Decree-Law 36/2025, converted by Law 74/2025, applicants born abroad who hold another citizenship are not treated as Italian automatically unless a statutory exception applies.

Anna Semenyuk

Greece’s passport is obtained by naturalisation after 7 years of living in the country.  The first step is a residence permit. Wealthy foreigners can get it by investing at least €250,000 in real estate and business options. There is no government initiative like Greece citizenship by investment, but foreigners participating in the Greece Golden Visa Program obtain the passport by naturalisation on general terms.

Julia Loko

Greece allows its citizens to have dual citizenship. This means one can keep their current passport while also becoming a citizen of Greece.  3 ways are common for those who want to get a Greek passport: descent, naturalisation, and military service. To simplify the process of getting Greek citizenship, wealthy people often choose to obtain the Greece Golden Visa first. Having obtained it, they become eligible to apply for citizenship after residing in the country for 7 years.

Julia Loko

The Saint Kitts and Nevis Golden Visa is an alternative name for the citizenship by investment program. When Golden Visas are usually residence permits issued in exchange for investments in the country’s economy, participants of the St Kitts and Nevis program skip the residency part and get a passport. The investment amount starts from $250,000; the investor gets the passport in 4+ months. The St Kitts Golden Visa attracts applicants with travel opportunities and the country’s business climate. Let’s see the benefits and process of obtaining a St Kitts passport by investment.

Lyle Julien

St Kitts and Nevis recognises dual and multiple citizenships and offers several ways to get a second passport. They include naturalisation, descent, marriage, and participation in the investment program. Learn about the methods, time, and expenses required for getting dual citizenship in St Kitts and Nevis.

Lyle Julien

Among wealthy Indians, international mobility and access to global opportunities are becoming increasingly important. One of five Indian individuals with assets exceeding ₹25 crore is now considering a second residence or citizenship abroad{{source: Source: The Times of India — [“1 in 5 Indians with over Rs 5 crore assets plans to move abroad”](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/1-in-5-indians-with-over-rs-5-crore-assets-plans-to-move-abroad/articleshow/119556095.cms)}}. Many investors use Golden Visas — residence permits or second passports granted for investment — to secure global mobility and a high quality of life for their families. In 2026, programmes are available across Europe, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and other regions. Thresholds start at €50,000 for residence and $90,000 for citizenship by investment. This guide compares the best Golden Visa programmes for Indians, including investment requirements, timelines, family inclusion, stay conditions, and citizenship prospects.

Lyle Julien

Dominica offers Caribbean citizenship through real estate starting at $200,000 — the lowest threshold among Caribbean CBI programmes. It also comes with the region’s shortest mandatory holding period. Additional government and Due Diligence fees apply, and buyers must choose from approved projects. This guide covers the process, costs, requirements, and real estate currently available for purchase.

Elena Kozyreva

St Kitts and Nevis has one of the most investment-friendly climates in the Caribbean and British Commonwealth, supported by a strong visitor economy. In 2025, travel and tourism contributed 37.5% of the country’s gross national product{{source: Source: IMF — [St Kitts and Nevis: Basic Data I. Social, Geographic and Demographic Indicators](https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2026/093/article-A001-en.xml)}}. Investors can obtain St Kitts and Nevis citizenship by purchasing tourism-oriented real estate, including residential property. The minimum property investment starts at $325,000.

Elena Ruda

Italian citizens can travel without visas to 172 countries in the world, as well as live and work in any EU state. Getting an Italian passport is possible through naturalisation, birthright, marriage, or ancestry. Golden Visa investors who have resided in Italy for 10 years can also apply for citizenship.

Vladlena Baranova

Italian citizens are fortunate to have one of the world's strongest passports, allowing them to travel visa-free to 172 countries worldwide. They can also live, work, and study in all EU member states without restrictions. Investors can embark on the path towards citizenship by applying for the Italy Golden Visa. They can get residence permit cards for themselves and their families for a minimum contribution of €250,000. In this article, we list the benefits of dual citizenship that Italy provides.

Julia Loko

Holding citizenship in multiple countries opens up additional opportunities for work, business, and education by granting rights in more than one country. Hungary permits dual citizenship, especially encouraging those of Hungarian descent to reclaim their nationality. While Hungary does not offer citizenship directly by investment, it does provide residency through the Golden Visa Program, which can potentially lead to citizenship after a longer period of residency and naturalisation.

Zlata Erlach

Cosmopolitans looking for European citizenship for their children may want to consider Spain: a Spanish passport grants its holder the right to live in the European Union, work and do business in any EU state, and travel visa-free to 172 countries. Discover who is eligible for Spain citizenship by birth and if it is sufficient to be born in Spain to acquire the country’s nationality.

Vladlena Baranova

The St Kitts and Nevis CBI Programme is a government initiative that allows individuals to obtain citizenship by investment. It was established to attract foreigners to the country and promote economic development.  The programme offers several investment options with a minimum financial requirement of $250,000. The investor and their family members obtain citizenship in 6+ months from the application date. However, under the Public Benefit Option, the expected processing time is around 4 months, provided all documents are submitted correctly and Due Diligence is completed without delays. Find out more about how to participate in a CBI Programme and become a St Kitts and Nevis citizen.

Lyle Julien

Grenada and St Kitts and Nevis are countries with the most advanced economies in the Caribbean. Many entrepreneurs get second passports of these states to develop their international businesses. Wealthy people obtain citizenship for worldwide visa-free trips. Find out about the conditions of the government programs for wealthy people who invest in Grenada and St Kitts and Nevis’s economies.

Lyle Julien

Wealthy people often get second passports for visa-free travelling. Caribbean citizenship is famous for its wide range of visa-free destinations, and Caribbean Citizenship by investment, or CBI programmes — for their cost and fast-track procedures. Two of the five Caribbean CBI programmes operate in St Kitts and Nevis and in Antigua and Barbuda. Learn about conditions for obtaining citizenship by investment, how to compare passports of Antigua and Barbuda with St Kitts and Nevis’, and choose the most convenient citizenship by investment programme.

Lyle Julien

Foreigners apply for Latvia citizenship through naturalisation after residing in the country for 10 years. They meet residence requirements, demonstrate proficiency in Latvian, and take exams on Latvian history and culture. We wondered if there is any way to get a second passport in Latvia or other European countries faster. And indeed, there is.

Elena Ruda

To become a citizen of an EU country, one can follow three paths: descent, naturalisation, and naturalisation after making an investment. Obtaining an EU country's citizenship can take 3 to 10 years, depending on the specific state and circumstances, as well as on the applicant's situation. 

Mohamed Zakaria

You can obtain Cypriot citizenship in three ways: by naturalisation, marriage to a Cypriot citizen, or through Cypriot ancestry. To qualify by naturalisation, a foreigner must live in Cyprus for at least 8 years. Highly qualified specialists may apply after 4 to 5 years of residence. A foreigner married to a Cypriot becomes eligible for citizenship after 3 years of marriage. Children automatically acquire citizenship if at least one parent is a Cypriot citizen. Adults with Cypriot roots may also be eligible. Here’s how to obtain Cypriot citizenship in practice, how long it takes, and what the process involves.

Alevtina Kalmuk

One of the significant advantages of holding a Hungarian passport is the ability to travel to numerous countries without the need for a visa. As of October 2026, Hungary citizens have visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 171 countries and territories. This global mobility places the Hungarian passport at 33rd place in the world in the Immigrant Invest Freedom of Travel ranking. This article provides a comprehensive list of visa-free countries and the duration of stay allowed for Hungarian passport holders.

Zlata Erlach

Dominica grants citizenship for a contribution to the Economic Diversification Fund or for buying a unit in a government-approved real estate project. Both options start at $200,000 and lead to the same passport. However, the options differ in their final costs, refundability, and ongoing profits. In this article, we break down all comparison points for you to make an informed decision.

Lyle Julien

Since 2024, citizenship by investment programmes have become far more relevant for Germans, who can now acquire another nationality without giving up their German passport. São Tomé and Príncipe leads on affordability, with citizenship starting at $90,000, while the Caribbean five and Vanuatu can offer strengths in family eligibility, real estate, and capital recovery. This guide compares the strongest CBI options for Germans, covering costs, timelines, taxes, family rules, and key pitfalls.

Zlata Erlach

St Kitts and Nevis passport renewal usually takes around 2 months. From April 2026, investors need to complete biometric enrolment, which requires a fee of $2,500 and must be arranged through an Authorised Agent. This guide explains when to renew a St Kitts and Nevis passport, what documents are required, how biometric enrolment works, how much the process costs, and how to replace a lost, stolen, or damaged passport.

Lyle Julien

The benefits of second citizenship depend on the country in which one obtains a passport.  For instance, Caribbean citizenship allows travel without visas to more than 100 countries, creation of a plan B abroad, and access to a more beneficial taxation system. Second citizenship can also have certain disadvantages. For example, in the United States, individuals with multiple nationalities may face restrictions on holding security clearance or specific government jobs, particularly those involving sensitive national security positions.

Vladlena Baranova

Investors with St Kitts and Nevis or Dominica citizenship visit at least 140 countries freely. The first passport has more visa-free destinations than the second one. But Dominica citizens can enter China for up to 30 days without visas, and it’s a rare opportunity. Discover the CBI programmes of St Kitts and Nevis and Dominica and compare their conditions.

Lyle Julien

Global migration is at an all-time high. In 2025, more than 6 million people received permanent status in OECD countries. At the same time, wealthy individuals face fewer investment routes as many programmes close and tax rules become stricter.  As a result, interest is shifting toward simpler and more affordable citizenship options. São Tomé and Príncipe offers the lowest-cost citizenship by investment in the world, starting at $90,000. This is well below Vanuatu’s $130,000 and Caribbean programmes that begin at $200,000.

Lyle Julien

Let’s address common misconceptions related to EU citizenship: from the idea that one can buy a passport to the concept of a fictitious marriage.

Vladlena Baranova

Spain is included in the list of the top-5 countries for foreigners according to the HSBC Expat Explorer. Its strong economy, developed infrastructure and warm Mediterranean climate are attractive for foreigners. At the same time, the cost of living is lower than in other countries in Western Europe. We consider 6 ways of applying for Spanish citizenship: by investment, naturalization, choice, marriage, family reunification, and guardianship.

Lyle Julien

Entrepreneurs can use Antigua and Barbuda citizenship to optimise their tax position, while frequent travellers benefit from greater global mobility. The passport provides visa-free access to the Schengen Area and allows its holders to visit 166 countries without a visa. Get a deeper understanding of all the pros and cons of Antigua and Barbuda passports in the article.

Lyle Julien

Foreigners can get St Lucia citizenship by investing at least $300,000 in real estate. Processing time is at least 6 months. In 5 years, the owner can sell the property and get investment money back. Not every property meets St Lucia citizenship by investment programme requirements. Immigrant Invest experts show what property to buy to get St Lucia citizenship and how to return the invested money a few years later.

Lyle Julien

Caribbean citizenship by investment is available not only to individuals but also to families. Spouses, children, parents, grandparents, and siblings can apply together.  The participation of multiple family members doesn’t necessarily mean higher costs, as some countries offer highly favourable options specifically for families. This article explains who can obtain Caribbean citizenship alongside the main investor and how inheritance and family reunification work in these programmes.

Lyle Julien

People usually refer to the Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment Program when mentioning the Vanuatu Golden Visa. Under this program, one can obtain citizenship in 2—4 months. It would cost $130,000 for an individual to get a Vanuatu passport and $180,000 for a family of four. Another option is to get a permanent residence permit by proving assets of $350,000.

Lyle Julien

The Vanuatu passport cost comprises the investment itself and additional expenses.  The minimum sum under the Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment program is $130,000 contributed to a state fund as a single investor. There is a CNO Future Fund Option, costing at least $157,000.  Additional expenses add up at least $15,000—17,000.

Lyle Julien

Vanuatu is a tropical island state in the South Pacific where a second passport can be obtained not only by birth or long-term residence, but also by investment. The country first introduced citizenship by investment in the 1990s\{{source: Source: [Vanuatu Citizenship Brochure](https://vanuatucitizenshipbyinvestment.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Vanuatu-Citizenship-Brochure-2024_compressed.pdf)}}, establishing Vanuatu as one of the pioneers of this type of program. Nowadays, Vanuatu offers several options for investors, including contributions to the state fund and investments in the Cocoa Sustainable Development Fund.

Lyle Julien

Dual citizenship is permitted in Antigua and Barbuda and is explicitly guaranteed by the country’s 1981 Constitution. This means individuals can hold an Antigua and Barbuda passport while retaining citizenship in other countries. One of the most popular ways to acquire citizenship is through an investment of at least $230,000. There are four available options: a contribution to the National Development Fund, a real estate purchase, a business investment, or a donation to a higher education institution. Below, we outline the requirements for future citizens, how the application process can be expedited, and whether renouncing current citizenships is necessary.

Lyle Julien

Foreigners can obtain Antigua and Barbuda passports by birth, marriage, naturalisation, or affiliation. Wealthy people can acquire Antigua and Barbuda citizenship by investment, sometimes referred to as “Golden Visas.” The minimum investment required is $230,000, and the procedure takes at least 6 months. Among the benefits of the Antigua and Barbuda passport are visa-free travel to over 150 countries and the opportunity to optimise taxes.

Lyle Julien

Government citizenship programs for investors operate in both countries. Their passports allow participants to visit 140+ states visa‑free. The programs differ in the conditions: investment options, costs and timeframes. Explore the second citizenship of Antigua and Barbuda or St Lucia and choose the most convenient option.

Lyle Julien