Citizenship

Foreigners can obtain Antigua and Barbuda passports by birth, marriage, naturalisation, or affiliation. Wealthy people can acquire Antigua and Barbuda citizenship by investment, sometimes referred to as “Golden Visas.” The minimum investment required is $230,000, and the procedure takes at least 6 months. Among the benefits of the Antigua and Barbuda passport are visa-free travel to over 150 countries and the opportunity to optimise taxes.

Lyle Julien

Government citizenship programs for investors operate in both countries. Their passports allow participants to visit 140+ states visa‑free. The programs differ in the conditions: investment options, costs and timeframes. Explore the second citizenship of Antigua and Barbuda or St Lucia and choose the most convenient option.

Lyle Julien

Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica are two of the five Caribbean countries that offer to obtain their citizenships by investing. Investors become Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda citizens for visa-free travelling and the development of their international businesses. The Caribbean passport allows visa-free visits to at least 140 states, including the Schengen Area and the UK. Investors’ family members get second passports with them.

Lyle Julien

Antigua and Barbuda offers one of the most attractive Golden Visa programs, providing a pathway to citizenship by investment starting at $230,000.  This pathway to a second passport is appealing to investors seeking global mobility, tax advantages, and the chance to contribute to the development of this Caribbean nation. In this article, we explain what the Antigua and Barbuda Golden Visa is and its eligibility criteria.

Lyle Julien

The Nauru citizenship by investment programme allows foreigners to obtain a second passport in as little as 3 months. Until December 31st, 2026, the minimum contribution is $90,000 for a single applicant. The programme offers such advantages as no residency requirements, a fully remote process, and broad family inclusion. Nauru citizenship is best viewed as ‘insurance’ citizenship for internationally mobile entrepreneurs and high-net-worth individuals. While it offers limited additional visa-free travel, its main value lies in providing a backup jurisdiction, supporting contingency planning, and, for some, aligning with a sustainability-focused narrative.

Zlata Erlach

The Caribbean citizenship by investment threshold is only the starting point. Once all fees are included, the total cost for a single applicant can increase by around $15,000 to nearly $90,000, depending on the country and investment route. Cost alone, however, does not determine the right programme. Family composition, investment structure, capital recovery, mobility priorities, tax considerations, and long-term plans all influence which option offers the strongest fit. This article compares the costs of all five Caribbean citizenship by investment programmes across different routes and family sizes, alongside the key benefits and risks of each.

Lyle Julien

Grenadian citizens can travel without a visa to 161 countries, including the Schengen Area states, the UK, China, and Australia. They are also eligible for an E-2 business visa to the USA, which allows them to work or open a company there. Foreigners can get Grenada citizenship by birth, descent, marriage, naturalisation, or faster — by investment. The Grenada Citizenship by Investment Programme offers potential applicants a chance to become citizens for a minimum contribution of $235,000.

Lyle Julien

Nigerian citizens can obtain a second passport through citizenship by investment programmes, with minimum investment thresholds starting at $90,000. A second passport can provide visa-free access to up to 140 countries, compared to around 40 destinations available to Nigerian passport holders. It can also support asset diversification, facilitate international business activities, and provide a long-term backup plan for investors and their families. With around 200 millionaires leaving Nigeria in 2025{{source: Source: The Punch — [Capital flight: Nigeria to lose 200 millionaires in 2025](https://punchng.com/capital-flight-nigeria-to-lose-200-millionaires-in-2025/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)}}, demand for second citizenship remains strong among wealthy Nigerians seeking greater international mobility and wealth protection. This guide explains how citizenship by investment works, how Nigerians can obtain a second passport, and which programmes offer the best opportunities.

Lyle Julien

The US allows its citizens to have dual citizenship{{source: Source: US government — [USA dual citizenship](https://www.usa.gov/dual-citizenship)}}. A second passport can expand travel freedom, support relocation, and provide a backup plan. Still, dual citizenship depends on the laws of the second country. Americans also remain subject to US tax and reporting obligations. This guide explains how dual citizenship works for US citizens, which countries allow it, and what to consider before applying.

Vladlena Baranova

People with St Kitts and Nevis citizenship enjoy visa-free access to most destinations worldwide, have an opportunity to obtain a long-term visa to the United States, and get other benefits. Along with the rights, there are also obligations. For example, to comply with the rules of the citizenship programme if the foreigner became a St Kitts and Nevis citizen by investment.  Learn more about the opportunities a St Kitts and Nevis passport gives to its holders and how an investor can maintain the status of a citizen.

Lyle Julien

Malta citizenship offers the opportunity to live, work, study, and build a business abroad. Besides, citizenship gives cosmopolitans freedom to travel without visas. A foreigner can become a Maltese citizen by naturalisation, marriage, descent, or merit.

Robert Outerbridge

A second citizenship can work as a practical Plan B: an extra place to live or relocate if plans change. Citizenship by investment programmes in Africa and Oceania start at $90,000 and can grant citizenship in as little as 2 months, with access to an oceanfront lifestyle. For stronger global mobility and a longer programme track record, applicants may consider more established but higher-cost options in the Caribbean. This guide compares the cheapest citizenship by investment programmes in 2026, their costs, timelines, and factors beyond the headline investment amount.

Mohamed Zakaria

Dual citizenship liberalisation, military service debates, and rising geopolitical tension have become key triggers for Germans to look abroad. The June 2024 reform allowing dual citizenship without renunciation the German one removed a major barrier. As a result, citizenship by investment programmes have become a realistic option for Germans seeking long-term security.

Zlata Erlach

The easiest countries to get citizenship in 2026 — by investment, descent, marriage, or naturalisation — let qualified applicants secure a second passport in as little as 2—3 months. The fastest options are citizenship by investment programmes in Vanuatu, Nauru, and São Tomé and Príncipe, while Caribbean programmes may offer stronger global mobility and broader family benefits. This guide ranks 17 countries by speed, cost, and eligibility.

Albert Ioffe

Holding multiple citizenships provides a person with a number of benefits, such as freedom of travel, the ability to choose the more advanced healthcare system, and wider educational opportunities.  However, there are some cons to holding two passports, too.

Vladlena Baranova

49% of all countries allow dual citizenship: the US, Caribbean states, Türkiye, and many others. With dual citizenship, one can choose better living conditions, receive social benefits, and have more opportunities to travel. Careful planning is essential when obtaining dual citizenship; it's important to verify whether the home country permits it to avoid losing the original citizenship. Continue reading to learn which countries offer dual citizenship and what is the easiest way to obtain one more nationality.

Vladlena Baranova

Citizenship by investment, CBI, programmes, often dubbed golden passports, offer individuals the opportunity to obtain a second passport in exchange for financial investments.  Golden passports are not to be confused with Golden Visas, which are programmes that allow foreigners to obtain a residency permit for investment in a country’s economy. Learn more about the best options to become a citizen or a resident of another country by investment.

Albert Ioffe

Malta offers citizenship by naturalisation to individuals who create a meaningful impact on the country. This approach emphasises innovation, entrepreneurship, research, culture, and philanthropy. Each request is reviewed individually by the Community Malta Agency, and eligibility depends on the substance of the applicant’s engagement with Malta rather than any fixed financial threshold. This guide explains how the process works, the areas of contribution that are typically considered, and practical insights into navigating the procedural and documentation requirements.

Anna Semenyuk

Some countries are ready to give you citizenship by investment in as little as two months. Others will make you wait for 7­—10 years. It’s difficult to determine which country is the easiest to get citizenship in, as each one has its own peculiarities. However, we have compiled a list of countries with the fastest citizenship by investment, along with additional information on each option.

Albert Ioffe

There are several ways to obtain Montenegro citizenship. They include marriage to a citizen of Montenegro and holding a status of a permanent resident of the country. The citizenship by investment programme closed in December 2022.

Vladlena Baranova

Foreigners looking to obtain citizenship in Malta have several routes to choose from. Malta citizenship by naturalisation is the most popular and time-based pathway requiring 5 years of residence, stable ties, and proven integration in Malta. The alternative route is citizenship by merit. It relies on exceptional contributions linked to Malta and a discretionary assessment, not a fixed timeline.

Anna Semenyuk

Most often citizenship of the European Union, EU, is obtained by naturalisation. You need to obtain a resident status and live in the country for several years. In some EU countries, there are investment residence permit programs that simplify the path to citizenship. In Malta, cosmopolitans can obtain citizenship for exceptional services by direct investment after 1 or 3 years of residence.

Albert Ioffe

Foreigners obtain Swedish passports by descent, marriage, or naturalisation. The path to citizenship by naturalisation takes at least 10 years: 5 with a temporary residence permit and 5 with permanent residency. Sweden allows its citizens to have two passports, so you don’t need to renounce your first citizenship.

Elena Ruda

The first things that come to mind about Iceland are volcanoes with unpronounceable names and glaciers. But that is not all. Iceland is also one of the safest and most environmentally friendly countries. Foreign nationals can get an Icelandic passport by descent, marriage or naturalisation. The latter path takes at least 7 years.

Elena Ruda

A Luxembourg passport is a way to a strong financial sector, high standards of living, welfare benefits, and freedom of travel with access to 172 countries visa-free. There are several paths to Luxembourgish nationality, including naturalisation after legally living in the country for 5 years and marriage to a Luxembourg national. The best thing is you don’t have to climb up your family tree searching for a Luxembourgish great-grandmother — anyone can become a Luxembourg citizen. Find out how in this article.

Elena Ruda

No vampires remain in Romania — only about 300 castles they used to live in. Mediaeval fortifications aside, Romania boasts an attractive passport that will be even stronger once the country joins the Schengen Area in April 2024. Impressive travel freedom, low cost of living, and acres of pristine nature — what’s not to like? Beware of scam agents, though; sadly, Romania is notorious in this regard. The fraudulent documents the scammers issue could land one into trouble, like getting banned from the EU for life. Here's everything you need to know about the legal ways to get Romanian citizenship.

Elena Ruda

Monaco’s population is only 37,000 people but includes residents from 125 countries. No wonder — the Principality is a major financial hub and a luxury holiday destination. However, the paths to citizenship are limited; nonetheless, they exist. Here’s everything you need to know about getting a Monegasque passport.

Elena Ruda

Employment, studies at a university or family roots are the most common grounds for obtaining a residence permit and, eventually, a passport in Croatia. A foreigner obtains the country’s citizenship by naturalisation in at least 8 years. With Croatia citizenship, one can enter 170 states visa-free, including the EU members, Japan, and the UK, move to Croatia, and enjoy access to European healthcare and education.

Elena Ruda

Estonia's digital infrastructure and thriving startup ecosystem make it an attractive destination for expatriates seeking convenience and opportunity. Individuals can acquire Estonian citizenship through birth or naturalisation. For the latter, a foreigner needs to reside in the country for 10 years. This path is also open to investors looking to establish roots in Estonia.

Elena Ruda

Norway, a country of polar lights and majestic fjords, is known as one of the best countries to live in. It is safe, prosperous, and politically stable. So, it is no wonder expats choose to move there and obtain the country’s citizenship. Adult foreigners have 3 options to get a Norwegian passport: marriage, notification, or naturalisation. To ease the path to a passport by naturalisation, one can obtain a residence permit for self-employed persons with a company in Norway.

Elena Ruda

EU citizenship by descent can be granted based on proof that your ancestors were citizens of an EU country.  In this article, we discuss who and in which EU countries can obtain citizenship by descent.

Vladlena Baranova

Foreigners are invited to obtain citizenship by investment in North Macedonia for a minimal contribution of €200,000. While, in theory, it could be an excellent option for investors to secure a passport in an EU candidate member state, there is a big question if that option is actually valid. Since 2021, when it was introduced, no single investor obtained a passport with a contribution. Another way to invest is to contribute €400,000 to developing a new business in North Macedonia and create at least 10 jobs. Learn more about the CBI program terms and secure alternatives.

Elena Ruda

If a foreigner officially lives in the country for a long time, they can become its citizen. For example, you can come to Australia on a student visa and apply for citizenship after four years. What conditions must be met in order to become a naturalized citizen, and how to go through the path of integration into a new society in the easiest way — learn from the examples of different countries.

Vladlena Baranova

The principle of obtaining citizenship “by right of blood” applies in the European Union. This means that a child born in the EU receives their parents’ citizenship. The “right of soil" or automatically granting citizenship of the country of birth also applies in some countries, albeit, with restrictions. In Europe, the easiest way to obtain citizenship by right of soil is in Portugal.

Vladlena Baranova

The cheapest and fastest way to obtain citizenship is offered to investors in five Caribbean countries and Vanuatu. To get a passport in Vanuatu, a foreigner must contribute at least $130,000, while in the Caribbean, the minimum sum is $200,000. Let’s discuss the reasons for applying for a passport from one of the Caribbean island nations or Vanuatu.

Lyle Julien

Citizenship by investment allows individuals to obtain a second passport by making a qualifying contribution to a country's economy. Grenada’s citizenship program is among the most popular and cost-effective options, offering a straightforward path to a second passport.  Investors can either contribute $235,000 to the National Transformation Fund or purchase real estate worth at least $270,000 to secure Grenadian citizenship. Within a few months, applicants gain the valued freedom of global mobility. The investor and their family can travel to more than 140 countries without visas.

Lyle Julien

In fiscal year 2025, 57% of US B-visa applications from Nigerian nationals were refused. For frequent travellers, investors, and internationally minded families, this is more than an inconvenience — it is a real limit on mobility and long-term planning. A second passport can remove many of these barriers. Nigerian citizens by birth may legally hold two, three, or more citizenships at the same time. This guide explains who can have dual citizenship in Nigeria, which routes to second citizenship are available, how the process works, and what pitfalls to avoid.

Lyle Julien

Newborn children acquire citizenship either by "right of blood" or "right of soil". In the first case, it is based on the citizenship of the parents, and in the second case, it depends on the country of birth. In some countries both these principles apply. We explain these concepts in detail.

Vladlena Baranova

Obtaining citizenship is divided into legal and "working" ways. Fraudsters offer to buy a passport in violation of the laws of several states at once. This is fraught with trouble from large fines and a ban on entry into the EU countries to criminal liability and compromising evidence, which is at their disposal. We will tell you how to get a passport without consequences and how not to accidentally entrust your money and reputation to scammers.

Vladlena Baranova

Countries issuing citizenship by investment do not grant it automatically: they need to check on the applicant to ensure they are not likely to bring trouble into the country, even if they can fulfil the conditions for investment. The main points of interest are usually the sufficiency and legality of income, criminal record, and civil status. All of the above must be confirmed by specific documents. Here is the list of documents needed for citizenship application.

Vladlena Baranova

Investors seeking to obtain Caribbean citizenship by investment may encounter fraudulent agents offering illegal discounts and financial schemes. These violations have already resulted in multiple application rejections and even citizenship revocation. Authorities are cracking down on these practices, reinforcing stricter controls to protect the integrity of the citizenship by investment programmes. Discover the tactics these agents use to deceive applicants and the legal ways to obtain Caribbean citizenship by investment.

Pavel Reshetnikov

Turkiye citizenship offers the advantages of travelling to 120+ countries visa-free and the opportunity to pursue an E-2 business visa to the United States — all alongside moving to a country with a mild climate, gorgeous sea, and diverse culture.  Foreigners can obtain these benefits and get a Turkish passport by investing at least $400,000 in the country’s economy. The process of obtaining citizenship typically takes at least 8 months, with the potential for investment returns within three years. Read on to learn how one can get Turkiye citizenship by investment, who is eligible, and how this program differs from others.

Vladlena Baranova

Acquiring citizenship by investment is one of the paths available for foreigners in Antigua and Barbuda. The threshold to participate in the citizenship by investment program is $230,000, and the investor does not have to move to Antigua and Barbuda or renounce the existing citizenship. Becoming a citizen of Antigua and Barbuda will give you and your family the right to travel visa-free to over 150 countries, including the Schengen Area and the UK.

Lyle Julien

Some countries have Citizenship by Investment, CBI, programs that open doors to new opportunities in exchange for investment. CBI programs are considered the fastest, safest, and easiest way to obtain a second passport. Its applicants receive the same rights as native citizens. People pursue second citizenship for various reasons, such as greater global mobility, enhanced business opportunities, or securing a safe haven. We selected 10 countries that offer the best conditions to get citizenship by investment.

Albert Ioffe

Saint Lucia citizenship can be obtained in several ways. Citizenship by birth is granted to children born in the country or abroad to St Lucia citizens. To obtain citizenship by registration, an applicant must have ties to St Lucia, such as being married to or adopted by a St Lucian. The quickest and simplest way to become a St Lucia citizen is to participate in the citizenship by investment program.

Lyle Julien

The country has one of the fastest citizenship by investment programs, with approvals in 2+ months, and one of the most affordable, starting with $130,000 for a single applicant. Vanuatu passport holders enjoy visa-free access to around 100 countries, a zero-tax regime and the option to establish International Business Companies exempt from tax for up to 20 years. Common questions about Vanuatu’s citizenship program were discussed with Zlata Erlach, Head of the Austrian office at Immigrant Invest.

Zlata Erlach

Vanuatu passport renewal is a mandatory legal obligation under the Passport Act for all Vanuatu citizens. Holders of a Vanuatu passport obtained through citizenship by investment or any other route must renew their passport every 10 years.  The renewal process can be completed at any Vanuatu consulate worldwide without visiting Vanuatu.

Lyle Julien

Grenada recognises dual citizenship. This means that foreigners can obtain Grenada passports and keep their first nationality — and enjoy the benefits of multiple citizenship. Citizens of Grenada can travel visa-free to 140+ countries in the world, including the Schengen states. They can also obtain a 10-year visa to the USA. Besides, nationals of the country enjoy a sparing taxation system and can easily open accounts in European banks. The investment path to a Grenada passport takes at least 8 months and requires a contribution of at least $235,000.

Lyle Julien